| Elephants are special. I bet you know someone who collects elephant sculptures and pictures. (If not, perhaps you know a Republican.) Elephants are the number one attraction in the circus, something that circus managers realize very well. Pandas might be a bigger draw at zoos, but they are really hard to get, while there are plenty of zoo elephants. Many people worship Ganesha the elephant god, and others have a soft spot for Horton or Babar. They are big, which always impresses humans; but we are not equally impressed by, say, giraffes. Despite their size, elephants are relentlessly cute; they are obviously intelligent and active, and those trunks do impish and clever things. They are social beings among themselves, and they do form important bonds with humans; though it is an exaggeration that they never forget, they do have capacity to remember those who treated them well and ill, for a long time. It is the bonds with humans that Eric Scigliano treats in _Love, War, and Circuses: The Age-Old Relationship Between Elephants and Humans_ (Houghton Mifflin), a book that well captures the awe, delight, and sorrow we hold for the pachyderms among us. Scigliano confesses himself addicted to "elephalia," and the evidence is all here. He has traveled to distant lands, and to zoos and circuses to learn about the captive version. Scigliano's book winds up being an amiable miscellany of elephant lore. There is the Bangkok developer who built a skyscraper in the shape of a deco cartoon of an elephant. There are other smaller elephant buildings as novelty architecture in, say, Coney Island. There has been a ballet for elephants, the Circus Polka, and before you think that this was some seedy novelty act, the choreography was by George Balanchine, and the music by Igor Stravinsky. It ran for a season in 1942. Elephants in Kenya dig deep caves to get to the salt. Others dig wells, which benefit all the animals around. But elephants have not generally fared well at the hands of the humans who ostensibly adore them. Thai elephants, for instance, are worked illegally on protected reserves, and because the furtive work has to be done with speed, it is literally done with speed; the elephants are tanked up on amphetamines to work all through the night (whereas a three to five hour period is considered the maximum safe working day). Circuses and zoos may try to treat elephants humanely, and perhaps are better at it than they used to be, but some of the horror stories here are truly disheartening. The big beasts need plenty of room, and simply cannot get it in captivity; and there are fewer wilds for them to return to, as farming takes over their lands. There are good conservation programs in elephant homelands, and Scigliano makes the case that the efforts now going to breed and raise elephants in captivity would be better directed to indigenous conservation. There are other things we could do, but it will take the humans to get involved and do them. This may be a book about elephants, but it is also specifically about humans who supposedly care about them. Scigliano's book tackles all aspects of this puzzling relationship. "Each inquiry into the elephant-human tangle leads to paradox, even after thousands of years of undomesticated domestic partnership. While we prop up our civilizations, literatures, and faiths upon its broad back, the animal remains untamed, and in many ways unknown." His valuable book can help us understand how important elephants have been to us, and how impoverished the world will be if they are not given the room they need. |
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