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Amazon.com (1848310293) 16 reviews
Amazon.com (1848310358) 16 reviews
Amazon.co.uk (1848310358) 55 reviews
Amazon.co.uk (1848310293) 55 reviews
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Amazon.ca (1848310358) 2 reviews
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The Guardian
The Independent
John Gillott
PopularScience

Manjit Kumar

Quantum

Quantum theory is often shrouded in a veil of mystery, and you may wonder what all the fuss is about. Is it a case of those in the know trying to make it seem more difficult, or is there really something weird about it. In Quantum : Einstein, Bohr and the Great Debate About the Nature of Reality Manjit Kumar explains how such a view of quantum theory came about.

The book is largely biographical in nature, describing the life and work of the scientists involved in the creation of quantum theory. The rather reluctant quantisation of Planck, the work of Einstein, eager for a new look at the way the world works, and the struggles of Bohr to make it all consistent. Kumar looks at the work of Schrodinger and Heisenberg, and goes on to the arguments between Einstein and Bohr in the late 1920's and 1930's. The later chapters look at more recent work, such as that of Bohm and Bell.

My personal view is that the common idea that Bohr 'won' the debate is fundamentally wrong. Kumar doesn't go that far, but I felt he gave a more balanced view of the debate than many accounts, and that the book provides much useful material for anyone wanting to find the problems with Bohr's views. In any case, it's a well written book, giving a flavour of the development of an important part of modern physics without going into technicalities, and I would recommend it to anyone interested in the development of science over the last century.

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Hardcover 480 pages  
ISBN: 1848310293
Salesrank: 1062863
Weight:1.72 lbs
Published: 2008 Icon Books Ltd
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Paperback 464 pages  
ISBN: 1848310358
Salesrank: 22440
Weight:1.01 lbs
Published: 2009 Icon Books Ltd
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Amazon.ca info
Hardcover 480 pages  
ISBN: 1848310293
Salesrank: 328156
Weight:1.72 lbs
Published: 2008 Icon Books
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Product Description
For most people, quantum theory is a byword for mysterious, impenetrable science. And yet for many years it was equally baffling for scientists themselves. This work presents the history of this fundamental scientific revolution. It focuses on the conflict between Einstein and Bohr over the nature of reality and the soul of science.
 
Strong opinions in the search of truth. *****
Quantum is a well written and documented view of a scientific revolution and how the "players' in the field interact, argue and strive to gain their colleagues approval of their perceptions of how nature works. While some knowledge of physics is helpful, the layman can easily follow the human interactions and gloss over the details of "thought experiments".
 
terrific *****
This is a fascinating history of the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure, with the successes, failures, and controversies between the proponents and detractors of the deterministic and probabalistic views. And you don't have to be a rocket scientist to understand it and to come away with an appreciation of the observational or mathematical viewpoints of reality.
 
great read on a wonderful topic *****
A lot has been written about the Bohr-Einstein debate so when I first saw this book I did not buy it because I was skeptical about what more could be said. On reading other reviews I decided it might be worthwhile.

Many scientists I've met are still passionate about the implications of quantum mechanics, Einstein's criticisms of the theory and Bohr's responses to those criticisms. Many scientists who are not outwardly enthusiastic about the debate and history seem to have approaches toward science that are influenced by it. (just my opinion). In any case, the subject of this book is fascinating.

Of the books I have read about this topic this one may be the best read.
 
Physics and Philosophy have been together for a long time *****
Modern Education have been conducted in a way that the philosophical ideas behind the great theories discussed in Physics have been kept away from the standard curriculum at universitats. This book belongs to the few one I have found to be interested (I'm speaking as a Theoretical Physicist) because it not only develops the historical frame in which the theory was created (the base of the theory), but also the debates, the ideas that came first and evolved in the way. All of this discussed in a way that keeps you in the book for hours without you even knowing it. Even if you are an already mastered in the area of the Quantum Physics, or if you are starting it, this book will help you understand many of the ¨why¨ we are always asking. This book can make an excellent supplementary lecture for any student in quantum theory, because it fills the gaps that modern textbooks leave to the students that do not understand why is necessary the change in the classical theory, and how it is made. Quantum Theory is not a complete theory, it still have many holes and weak points upon which the theory is develop, for those interested in research the base of the theory, this book can help you refresh your mind from all the heavy reading and give you a clearer perspective.
 
Excellent book on the great debate regarding the Nature of Reality *****
Manjit Kumar's book is a fascinating history of one of the most
fundamental areas of science.Just as the title says, it is a history
of the great debate about the nature of reality with Einstein and
Neils Bohr leading the opposing views. Quantum Mechanics has always
been a fascinating subject for me, mainly because I could never hope
to understand it enough, however much time I spent on it. This
brilliant work takes you through the history of the ideas behind
quantum mechanics from the late 19th century all the way till the
latter half of 20th century.
Manjit Kumar sets the stage slowly as he describes the contributions
of great scientists ranging from Rutherford, Max Planck, Einstein,
Bohr, de Broglie, Pauli, Heisenberg, Dirac and Schroedinger. Their
works are captured along with a short historical background to provide
the context. Then the stage is all set for the great question about
the nature of reality. Bohr and Heisenberg and many others insist that
there is no objective reality. Bohr says: 'There is no quantum world.
There is only an abstract quantum mechanical description.It is wrong
to think that the task of physics is to find out how nature is.
Physics concerns what we can say about nature."
On the other hand, Einstein insists on his belief in the existence of
a causal, observer-independent reality. He says: "What we call science
has the sole purpose of determining what is". Einstein and his
Princeton team produce an ingenious thought-experiment called EPR that
casts a major shadow on the Bohr-Heisenberg view called the
'Copenhagen Interpretation'. However, for all practical purposes, most
scientists by the mid-20th century accept the Copenhagen view and get
on with their science. Albert Einstein toiled till his death to find a
Unified Field theory from which he hoped to derive the laws of Quantum
Mechanics. But he wasn't successful.
The book brings out the essence of those exhilarating times in science
when great minds battle year after year on the nature of Reality
amidst two major world wars and the looming threats of fascism and
communism. In spite of their battles for decades, both Bohr and
Einstein were such great human beings, having a great regard and
affection for one another. The other giants like de Broglie, Pauli,
Heisenberg and Schroedinger also show great respect and regard for
their opponents' views and keep egos and personalities out of the
equation.
Manjit Kumar's narrative brings out all these essential human
qualities quite vividly. He has a great ability to write. The book is
lucid and delightfully accessible in spite of the difficult subject
matter. I enjoyed reading it immensely. In many ways, it is like a
thriller, as you keep looking for the next thought experiment that
Einstein would come up with to counter Bohr only to find out how the
Copenhagen team overcomes each of these hurdles. I would recommend it
strongly to anyone interested in popular science in general and
Quantum Mechanics in particular.
 
A Real Page Turner *****
Its not often that you come across a non-fiction book that you can't put down. For me it was like reading a good novel - you want to read on as quickly as you can but you also have in mind that when you finish you will be left with that empty feeling that follows a really good story.
 
Almost a graphic novel *****
I won't repeat what's been said in praise of the book - I wholeheartedly agree. As a physicist I've learnt about and got exposed to my share of quantum mechanics and relativity. But Quantum provides you with the story of people, human beings struggling with explaining why in some cases classical physics fails. And they come with ideas. Right and more often, wrong. Backtrack and think again. Anyone who thinks pure science is only about logical thinking and that A+B will make you arrive at C will have to think again. Often you visit D, E and F first only to see it's not quite right. And then by inspiration, accident, a dream, a remark, the puzzle suddenly comes together.

Kumar apparently made a long list of what event happened when and who was there. His "Timeline" appendix summarizes this. From that he must have read many articles, letters, biographies of the main characters of the Quantum play. Based on those he knitted the story of quantum mechanics inception and maturing. He adds lots of footnotes in the text pointing to these sources to substantiate the story he's telling without distracting the reader. Initially ignore the footnotes and read on. Later, use them as way pointers to look up the source if you so desire.

The book describes the struggle of the modern physics heroes between 1890 and about 1940 to make sense of the experimental evidence that doesn't quite fit in the physics that around 1900 was deemed to be more or less complete, only to be named "classical" afterwards as it covered most of daily life but nothing on high speed or small scale. Kumar tells a long story with many people who interact, befriend each other, hate each other, are jealous. Human beings on their quest to unravel the mysteries of physics. With that many people involved and their major contributions and errors, it is a wonder the book isn't even bigger. But the way Kumar writes about it keeps you interested, as the story unfolds in fast pace.
Personally I found it difficult to put down the book. As if you were reading a whodunnit novel. And you want to know which of your scientific heroes did what. How did that electron spin came into existence by Pauli? Where did the quantum numbers come from? How did Schroedinger steal the show with his abstract wave equation? Why didn't Heisenberg like it?

It's the Peyton Place story of physicists. Some of the physical phenomena are described (and if you like physics and know something about them - it helps!) but the people story is way more important.

People without interest in physics may not like the book. Physicists will appreciate the human story of struggle behind the "dull" textbook formulas. Some reviewers said Kumar's story just doesn't cut it. He is not a good storyteller.
I beg to differ. His book reads like a good quantum detective story. Not too long, definitely not dry.

Recently I was given a graphic novel "Logicomix" (check it out!) where in comic form the life of the great mathematician Bertrand Russell was depicted, complete with other maths giants in search of mathematical logic. A thick comic book that was also difficult to put down and showed history in math as well as mathematical concepts.

I only wish Quantum would get a similar treatment in search of the physical quantum with Einstein and Bohr centerstage and the tens of other giants with them. I'd buy it. I'd go and watch a 14-part BBC drama series based on the book (had it existed).

Buy the book. Read the book. And be impressed by its characters.
And if you found an older first edition: correct figure 7 (spectral lines in Hydrogen) to let all electron jumps of the Lyman series end on n=1, Balmer on n=2 and Paschen on n=3 rather than the incorrect figure 7 where all end on n=1.
 
Quantum:: Einstein, Bohr and the Great Debate about the Nature of Reality ****
In Quantum, Manjit Kumar has written a fantastic narrative history of quantum theory, and biography of its main protagonists, from it's inception with Max Plank's reluctant `bundling' of electromagnetic radiation in 1900 right through the to present the latest development in the theory in 2006. The 'great debate' of the title refers to the disagreements principally between Einstein and Bohr over the nature of reality of the microphysical world of the atomic realm which bleeds into our understanding of the macrophysical, everyday world we inhabit.

The atomic realm or more precisely the movement of electrons within the atom appear to contradict the laws of classical physics. There appears no way of determining exactly what is going on, or when. For example, and unlike with an object in the macrophysical world, there appears no way of both measuring the position and momentum of an electron, the actions of which anyway appear to happen faster than the speed of light. The problem is that any attempt to measure an electron, which must involve some form of light, cannot help but interfere with it. As such, for the likes of Bohr and Heisenberg and what became known as the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, there is no such thing as a quantum reality free from observation. Rather, if is the act of observation that creates the reality we are looking at.

However, for Einstein and the few who took his side, like Schrodinger, there must be an objective reality free from observation. This isn't just a scientific question, but a philosophical one. The belief that there is no such thing as reality in the atomic realm undermines the belief in objective reality in a world made up of atoms. Or that is, I assume what Kumar is referring to when he talks of `the great debate about the nature of reality'. However, this is an argument that is never fully had out either between the main protagonists or in the book. In the end the debate about the nature of reality rarely creeps over into everyday reality as promised by the title.

However, what Kumar does achieve to a degree is to rehabilitate the reputation of Einstein in relation to quantum theory. It is Einstein above all who is at the heart of this book and on whose side you have no doubt Kumar is batting. From the beginning, Einstein argued that quantum theory was incomplete, yet as its application became increasingly successful he became marginalised as an almost lone and out of date voice from the mid-1930s onwards against the increasing orthodoxy of the Copenhagen Interpretation. Yet today, as Kumar shows, many scientists would agree with Einstein.

This is a fantastic and exciting read, especially in the interwar years as some the of the greatest scientific minds of all time criss-cross Europe between conferences and universities, meeting each other at train stations so as not to miss the opportunity to discuss the latest theory. Quantum brilliantly evokes that world and takes you into those debates, finally bringing you up to date about one of the most important and intriguing scientific theories of all time.

Paul Thomas
Leeds Salon
 
A book that is very difficult to close... maybe it's in a state that is both open and closed until you look at it, who knows? *****
This has to be one of the most gripping non-fiction books I have ever read! It reads like a well organised narrative and there is rarely a dull moment in the entire book, although the author did have plenty to work with. As well as the emergence of this controversial 'quantum physics' the scientists had to compete with the outbreak of two world wars, it was not an easy time to be a theoretical physicist.

The chapters each focus on a different player in the quantum debate so that the reader gets a taste of the characters' backgrounds and their individual work that all led to the great breakthroughs that were made. This means that by the point in the story when all the characters are starting to meet and debate the implications of quantum mechanics, the reader finds they know their personalities and are compelled to find out who comes out on top.

Any physics that is mentioned in the book is explained thoroughly and generally only goes into as much detail as is necessary for the reader to understand the debate. This can get slightly tedious at times for anyone with a background in physics but it does mean that the book is suitable for anyone.

Overall, it is a fascinating and compelling read that find an exciting balance of scientific content, concerning what still is one of the most mysterious areas of physics, and the personal experience of the people involved.
 
if a tree falls in the forest and no physicist was there - it didn't happen *****
There are a number of very striking themes and trends in Quantum that other reviewers have not brought out, being dazzled, no doubt, by the swift pacing, tantalizing prose and cliffhanger hooks that Kumar employs so magnificently in Quantum.

First, as someone who has struggled to understand quantum mechanics when it is presented in textbooks as a whole system, I was delighted to find that physicists have the same problem. Even (if not especially) Albert Einstein. By taking us through the history of it, and enjoying the exhilaration of every incremental discovery, theory and step, I find I am really comfortable reading about it, and have no difficulty assimilating it. When you're along for the ride instead of the textbook, it makes a gigantic difference. Bravo, Kumar.

Second, it became painfully obvious that physics is far more philosophy than science. I felt like the arguments came from my Logic 101 class. Socrates would have enjoyed crossing swords with Bohr. The arguments of the scientists were really basic, philosophical differences of opinion, not the least bit esoteric or idiosyncratic. It seems that medicine is not the only "science" where they tell you to get a second opinion. That was a revelation, and it made physics all that more human.

Third, Quantum confirms a lifelong suspicion that this was and is a young man's game. It seems that every time things started to get stale, some precocious 26 year old student would come along with a new portion of a theory, and rock the establishment. And then live off that discovery for the rest of his life - winning the Nobel Prize (as almost every one of them eventually did), getting professorships - but never shaking the tree again. In music we would call them one hit wonders. Einstein was about the only one with two hits - brainstorms in 1905 and 1916 - but then, even he couldn't fathom the totality of quantum physics and never made another major contribution to its progress. By the age of 50 he was calling himself an "old fool".

So in addition to all the praise heaped on Quantum for its superior exposition, I think it's a wonderful addition to the discussion of the human condition. Valuable on a number of levels.

What a great book.
 
Brilliant *****
Manjit Kumar's "Quantum" is an absolute page turner. I could hardly put it away and wanted
to read it all over again once I came to the end. There is not a lot of new content which
cannot be found in biographies or other expositions of the quantum struggle, which ended
with Copenhagen. What makes this book unique is a high-pace narrative style pulling the reader
from one chapter with one fundamental discovery into the next combined with an almost
uncanny ability of the author to unfold most complex physical and philosophical concepts
at that same high pace. The narrative also makes the discussions, tensions and emotions so vivid
that one feels compelled to jump right into the scenes to hear the debates first hand.

Like David Winneberg, I relived my own struggle with Quantum Theory as a student, the
alienation I felt by Bohr's ad-hoc postulates of what I expected the theory should
actually deliver, the psi which yielded results, but didn't seem to have its own meaning, the
interference of possibilities, which affect results without actually having to materialize,
up to the abandonment of objective reality. Back in the 80th, Copenhagen was still the
the dogma and had to be swallowed without objection in order to become a physicist.
I became a mathematician...

Many commentators see the book as a rehabilitation of Einstein. I felt the same way, but
this feeling is actually not justified by the last chapter about the most recent experimental
disproofs of Bell's and Leggett's inequalities, which would have confirmed Einstein's position
(Leggett's at least partly). Copenhagen has once again prevailed. Maybe it's my bias
aganst Copenhagen, but maybe it's Kumar's narrative that instills the desire in the reader
that somewhen, somebody will come to free us from the Copenhagen prison.

For those who enjoyed the Kumar's book and want to experience the struggle with Quantum
Theory first hand, I can recommend Richard Feynman's book "QED". Masterfully, Feynman
lets concrete physics emerge from the absurdity of the quantum. No math required
to witness that miracle.
 
If a tree falls in the forest and no physicist was there - it didn't happen *****
There are a number of very striking themes and trends in Quantum that other reviewers have not brought out, being dazzled, no doubt, by the swift pacing, tantalizing prose and cliffhanger hooks that Kumar employs so magnificently in Quantum.

First, as someone who has struggled to understand quantum mechanics when it is presented in textbooks as a whole system, I was delighted to find that physicists have the same problem. Even (if not especially) Albert Einstein. By taking us through the history of it, and enjoying the exhilaration of every incremental discovery, theory and step, I find I am really comfortable reading about it, and have no difficulty assimilating it. When you're along for the ride instead of the textbook, it makes a gigantic difference. Bravo, Kumar.

Second, it became painfully obvious that physics is far more philosophy than science. I felt like the arguments came from my Logic 101 class. Socrates would have enjoyed crossing swords with Bohr. The arguments of the scientists were really basic, philosophical differences of opinion, not the least bit esoteric or idiosyncratic. It seems that medicine is not the only "science" where they tell you to get a second opinion. That was a revelation, and it made physics all that more human.

Third, Quantum confirms a lifelong suspicion that this was and is a young man's game. It seems that every time things started to get stale, some precocious 26 year old student would come along with a new portion of a theory, and rock the establishment. And then live off that discovery for the rest of his life - winning the Nobel Prize (as almost every one of them eventually did), getting professorships - but never shaking the tree again. In music we would call them one hit wonders. Einstein was about the only one with two hits - brainstorms in 1905 and 1916 - but then, even he couldn't fathom the totality of quantum physics and never made another major contribution to its progress. By the age of 50 he was calling himself an "old fool".

So in addition to all the praise heaped on Quantum for its superior exposition, I think it's a wonderful addition to the discussion of the human condition. Valuable on a number of levels.

What a great book.

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