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Barry Mazur

Imagining Numbers

The square roots of negative numbers are called 'imaginary'. But do they really require any more imagination than other types of numbers, or other types of things. In Imagining Numbers Particularly √-15 Barry Mazur tries to find out.

Mazur compares the way we think of numbers with the way we might imagine something from a line of poetry. He discusses how an imagined 'yellow of the tulip' still seems to have more substance than an abstract number, and goes on to consider how mathematicians come to accept things like imaginary numbers. Do they just get used to them, or is it the case that new visualisations make them seem more acceptable. And who decides that such things are 'allowed'. Of course, consistency with the rest of mathematics is an important feature, and Mazur explains how this leads to something which puzzles many schoolchildren - why minus times minus equals plus. Later in the book Mazur looks in more detail at the origins of imaginary numbers - how they were useful in solving cubic equations but how a couple of centuries had to pass before the idea of extending the number line to the complex plane took hold.

All in all it's a strange sort of a book, obviously aimed at those without much experience of mathematics - probably those of a more literary frame of mind. But I wouldn't say that it's really for those wanting to understand imaginary numbers better, rather for those wishing to better understand how mathematicians get to understand such numbers.

Amazon.com info
Paperback 288 pages  
ISBN: 0312421877
Salesrank: 349920
Weight:0.57 lbs
Published: 2004 Picador
Amazon price $12.82
Marketplace:New from $1.65:Used from $0.01
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Amazon.co.uk info
Paperback 288 pages  
ISBN: 0141008873
Salesrank: 451443
Weight:0.49 lbs
Published: 2004 Penguin
Amazon price £8.09
Marketplace:New from £8.07:Used from £1.78
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Amazon.ca info
Paperback 288 pages  
ISBN: 0312421877
Salesrank: 271426
Weight:0.57 lbs
Published: 2004 Picador
Amazon price CDN$ 13.87
Marketplace:New from CDN$ 6.79:Used from CDN$ 1.44
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Product Description
Barry Mazur invites lovers of poetry to make a leap into mathematics. Through discussions of the role of the imagination and imagery in both poetry and mathematics, Mazur reviews the writings of the early mathematical explorers and reveals the early bafflement of these Renaissance thinkers faced with imaginary numbers. Then he shows us, step-by-step, how to begin imagining these strange mathematical objects ourselves.
 
Well written in places but needed tighter editing ***
This book is good but needed some more editing. Incredibly Plato's diagram showing a proof of the Pythagorean theorem is missing entirely from page 9--whoops! So I looked it up on the internet and then drew the picture in myself. Actually that helpful to assist me in understanding the proof. (Also on page 148 the denominator in all the calculations is missing.)

I like the way the writer presents these mathematical ideas in prose along with the accompanying algebra. There are no infinite sequences nor calculus here that would be too difficult for someone without much training in math. In fact the whole point of the book is to show how mathematicians working with limited tools (i.e. early algebra without benefit of future discoveries) were stuck when they came upon the square root of a negative number. What does this mean? The author explains that concept using algebra, the number line, triangles, and nothing too advanced. The whole goal is solve this riddle as a historical puzzle then show what is meant by the imaginary numbers.

The writer tries to mix poetry into the narrative but the transition from poem back to math is often abrupt and one is left wondering what one section had to do with the next. Still I enjoy the references to Kafka and the poets. Also in writing about circular reasoning the writer gets, well, circular and the section on "Bombelli's Puzzle" is, well, puzzling.

Still this book is a good one since I find reading about math most fun when there is some English text mixed in with all the heuristic symbols to give one time to catch one's breath before diving into yet another difficult proof.
 
Bad Poetry + Pretentious Prose + Tired Examples = Wasted Hours *
As an engineer, I really wanted to like a book that would claim it could help you visualize an abstract concept like imaginary numbers in a way that gives an intuitive feel to their form and purpose. The idea of "how such an experience compares with the imaginative work involved in reading and understanding a phrase in a poem" sounded like it could liven up the delivery as well. However, while occasional flashes of insight can be found here, I felt plodding through the other 180 pages of his boorish "I'm so highly educated" prose was not worth the price of admission. The same amount of cash would be better spent on the work from which Mr. Mazur paraphrased all but his "yellow of the tulip", "Number: The Language of Science" by Tobias Dantzig (1930), a wonderfully inspired and inspiring look at mathematical history and its discoveries (which includes graphing in the complex plane). Mr. Mazur even wrote the seven page (!!) forward to the 2005 reprint (doesn't this guy ever stop with the incessant multi-language quotations?).
 
An interesting ramble ***
I enjoyed this book and read it to the end, but it had its frustrations. In particular, assuring the reader they won't need more than limited high school math doesn't take into account that they may have forgotten it. The briefest refresher (in the back?) about manipulating equations in algebra would have helped a lot.
Also, saying "try it yourself" and then not going over it in case the reader was hopelessly lost was a bit annoying.
Still, any attempt to rejoin the arts and sciences is a good thing; and most of the book was comprehensible.
 
Entertaining ****
ITs an entertaining book on math, particularly the concepts on imaginary numbers. Very easy reading and a real page-turner. Excellent for mentor reading.
 
a truly unusual book *****
I cannot think of another book quite like this one, and I am an avid reader of nonfiction. Perhaps the closest is the work of Chet Raymo; but he focuses on astronomy and its poetic significance. This book, by contrast, is really a kind of playful meditation on imagination.

I'll admit, I'm not sure what the author's point about imagination was. There may be some philosophy of mind and literary criticism in the background, and I don't know about those things enough to understand his points or to say anything about them.

However, I did enjoy that part of the book, despite my general unfamiliarity with that world. In particular, this book inspired me to get online and find out a bit about the way the Ottomans used tulips in their decorations, and soon I found out about carnations and so on as well. Besides that, I was exposed to some poets that I'd heard of, but never read, such as Wallace Stevens, and several others that I'd never heard of.

But the math part was lovely. And what I mean is if you are willing to pay attention to the words, and think along with the author of this book, you will come to understand, to feel, imaginary numbers much more vividly than you probably ever have (unless you are a mathematician, of course).

Now imaginary numbers, and roots in general for that matter, are not the most straightforward things in math, yet many of us encounter them in high school, along with trig functions, polar coordinates, and other things we didn't understand.

What makes this book unique is that the author moves so slowly through his presentation of these things--one element at a time, with pauses for reflection, wafting back to his thoughts on poetry and imagination, including details of historical mathematicians, with their struggles and uncertainties and discoveries and triumphs--that as you move along, your ability to imagine the math increases just as slowly, page by page, until by the end you are comfortable with the idea of using polar coordinates to multiply complex numbers. You have learned to imagine a new dimension of numbers.

And, perhaps, witnessed some of the elegance that makes mathematical thought so beautiful to those of us who enjoy it mroe than, say, poetry.

I hope that my ability to appreciate poetry increases over the years, because I'd still like to enjoy that field of beauty and human accomplishment as well. This book whet my lips for that. On the other hand, it also refreshed in me some mathematical intuitions that have been dormant for a decade, and I once again much enjoyed the beauty and accomplishment in this field.

That makes it a truly rare book, one that I floated through quite joyfully.

On the other hand, if either the math or the poetry is too much for you, you might tire of this book. Just a fair warning. This is a book that often rewards, even requires, a few moments of reflection.
 
Getting into the mind of a mathematician ****
I often teach mathematics although my background is not maths. This book tells the story of imaginary numbers from their beginnings to the current geometrical interpretation. At first they seemed an abhorent and unnatural thing but their power was quickly realised. It puts the reader inside the mind of the mathematicians as their world views change. It allows you to appreciate the beauty and elegance of mathematics and mathematical arguments in a fairly accessible way (Part III makes a few too many jumps and that is why I only gave it 4 and not 5 stars).

I think that the blend of poetry and maths is perfect for showing how ideas develop and the way imagination acts in science. It is very important to appreciate the history of an idea and this book presents a history is a fun and interesting way. I think this is the perfect book for anyone who wants to appreciate maths, or to try and understand how mathematicians work or for anyone who is considering a career in maths. Someone who is a mathsphobe might also find it interesting as it makes maths seem a much more human endeavour.
 
Imaginative ****
As someone quite numerate I am not quite in the (stated) target demographic for this book. I am skeptical whether those of meagre mathematical comprehension would be persuaded to buy it. Which is a shame.

I found the book good overall, even though I felt a little cheated. I was expecting a more artistic interpretation of complex geometry, perhaps using cognitive psychology as a cypher; and, whilst there _were_ such passages, they were few and sporadic throughout the work (betraying the epistolary origins of the book). Despite this criticism, the book certainly gives an excellent grounding in the history and development of algebra, geometry and their eventual interactive agreement and inexorable production of the imaginary number system.

I really enjoyed the concluding chapter, too, as it plays to Mazur's strength as a mathematician and helped me confront a nagging irritation from when I first learnt imaginary numbers: that of the arbitrary nature of ascribing the complex plane ninety degrees counter-clockwise to the real. It is worth reading if only for the flashes of poetically-inspired descriptions of cognition, and this chapter, alone.

This book doesn't require a deep understanding of algebraic and geometric mathematics, nor previous experience with complex numbers, though I wonder how many people would read through the text if they struggle to understand the optional endnotes.
 
Great insight giver. ****
I never really grasped the meaning of SQ-1. After reading this book, I can say that now I have a much better grasp. I think that Mr Mazur's approach, that is transmiting understanding instead of overkill problem solving would greatly benefit our math education approach specially considering that 1- most people will never use this stuff again, 2- Grasping the matter might motivate some to continue on in math thereafter. For the poetry of the book, apart from the Baudelaire poem ( fabulous) the rest doesn't do it for me.
 
More than just math - yet not interesting **
I have read a few math books, prime obsession most recently, and this book wasn't technically very interesting, it also wasn't fun to read either. There are some good parts at the very beginning and end but middle is incoherently dry. Basically I believe that in some ways the way the author was trying to thought provoking and intelectual is where it lost it's was. Neither technical, historical, or fun enough you lost your audience
 
Who is this book written for? **
The author is trying to bridge the gap between the "two cultures" -scientific minded, and the literary minded. He is trying to target the literary camp in particular.

He gently tries to introduce the reader to complex numbers by use of examples. We can 'imagine' positive integers, and we can imagine negative ones too. At least, we aren't bothered by not really knowing them; we can find physical analogies for them.

Mazur tries to do the same with imaginary numbers. I think he did an okay job. I can imagine adding them now, and multiplying them, and even taking their square roots. He does, however, stop short of raising a number to an imaginary exponent. The imagery is simply transformations on the plane.

By reading this book, it is immediately apparent that the author has an encyclopedic knowledge. But, this is the problem however.

He's all over the place with analogies. We have drawings of cockroaches, passages about a particular tulip versus an idealized tulip, talks about Allah. None of it has anything to do with imaginary numbers, nor imagining them. Instead, these images are used to describe how ideas come into fruition. He tries to say something like, "hey ideas take time to bubble up into consciousness, we have traces of it in the atmosphere. Later, we can feel it and know it's there. Finally we get a handle on it, and it becomes concrete."

Looking briefly through this book right now, I notice these irrelevant imageries don't take much book space, but they are so oddly out of place, they take up a majority of my impression of the book.

I can't say this book is a complete waste of time. I enjoyed his explanation of the basics of algebra, and why we can't divide by zero, and why a negative times a negative is a positive. In fact, it's the best explanation I've read so far.

Also, the history of the emergence of complex numbers is abbreviated, but informative. However, things are just watered down and lost by these crazy tulip analogies about how ideas become concrete. This book is so-so. I feel that if someone wants to know the history of imaginary numbers and how to think about them, they could probably find a better book.

If there is a second edition, I think Barry should expand his bookkeeping example as an introduction to algebraic rules. Then cut to the chase, show us to grasp imaginary numbers, think of them as points on the plane, and operations on them as transformations and vector addition. He can later discuss how this mental model of imaginary numbers came to be, and these tulip images won't stick out so sorely.

This would be much like how people view a great painting or a magnificent edifice. Rarely is anyone privileged to see a magnificent work in progress. And those who do rarely grasp or appreciate the beauty that is forming before their eyes. Rather, after appreciating the final work, we then watch a documentary on how such and such a building was built.

Barry would do better to follow this formula, instead of immersing us in a work in progress, and more-or-less, confusing his readers.

Finally, I hope Barry uses his tremendous intellect to show how imaginary numbers relate in the day to day. And not via electrical engineering! Imaginary numbers are used in electricity, but since electricity is hare to grasp, real world examples using electricity would be confusing.

What I'm getting at is this: We can find uses for negative numbers in the day to day: walk 3 north, 4 south, and you'll be 1 south. Perhaps there is something quite simple for complex numbers too.

If in succeeding with that last point, then we may not be so bothered by not grasping imaginary numbers, because we have a physical analogy of them, and then we can pretend to know what they are, just as we do the integers.

 
Musings Of A Math Man ****
Barry Mazur's Imagining Numbers is a noble effort to get the reader [especially those of a more poetical bent] to think about [and perhaps experience] abstract mathematical thinking that falls short of its goal, but because Professor Mazur muses in such an entertaining and literate fashion, the book is worth a read. A quick glance at the Preface lays out the origins of the book [musings with a friend; letters to and from friends, some of whom are in the humanities] and it seems to me that anyone looking for a book of straight math and math history would recognize at that point that they've selected the wrong volume. The book is a mix of math, psychology, history, and philosophy that at its best really does push the reader to imagine certain mathematical concepts, but occasionally made me feel like I was swimming after someone else's inner dialog down the stream of consciousness. I also think that the math level needed to understand the book is higher than Mazur states. I give Mazur a lot of credit for trying to do something very difficult and I think that Imagining Numbers is far enough past 3.5 stars to give it a 4.

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